I have done further testing to find out how or why ballast works.
The details of such tests will no longer be directly in the main post, to prevent it from getting too long. Instead, I will post them here, and link to it from the main post.
I have also added a summary of my findings to the main post
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Additional testing to confirm ballast effects 20-12
Test car 1: Toyota 86 GT '12
Car is the Toyota 86 GT '12 from my previous test with 'trick' setup applied (see main post). SS tires.
The speed achieved with this setup without adding ballast is
298.7km/h
This car has a basic weight distribution at 53/47, so biased towards the front instead. Let's see if that makes a difference maybe.
Front ballast (weight distribution):
25kg (54/46): 298.4
50kg (55/45): 298.2
Middle ballast:
25kg: 298.5
50kg: 298.3
Rear ballast:
25kg (52/48): 298.5
50kg (51/49): 298.4
This confuses things even further. With this car, front ballast is actually the worst of the three, and none of them has a positive effect. I also ran a check with RS tires, but the results were unchanged (well, a little faster).
I see two possibilities: either the Diablo having much higher power enables the front ballast 'feature', or it is related to the cars' original weight distribution.
Test car 2: Dodge Challenger SRT8 TC
Fully tuned, Transmission set to 420 km/h. RS tires.
Default suspension settings and minimal downforce resulted in a top speed of 359.2 km/h.
After changing the spring rates to minimum, setting the ride height to +60/-10, and maxing rear downforce, this top speed was increased to
366.4 km/h!
Time to test the effects of ballast on this particular car. At 825hp it has similar power as the Nomad Diablo, while its weight distribution of 56/44 is significantly different.
Front ballast:
25kg:
366.5
50kg:
366.7
100kg:
367.0
200kg:
367.2
Rear ballast:
25kg: 366.0
50kg: 365.5
The results clearly show the same effect that was shown with the Nomad Diablo. It would seem then that a certain amount of power is needed to trigger this 'feature'.
Test Car 3: Lancia Stratos Rally Car '77
I figured I should test one more car with medium power and a weight balance towards the rear to see what's what.
Fully tuned, Transmission set to 380 km/h, RS tires.
Default suspension settings and minimal downforce resulted in a top speed of 328.0 km/h.
After changing the spring rates to minimum, setting the ride height to +20/-50, and maxing rear downforce, this top speed was increased to 329.6 km/h.
Interestingly, downforce had a much smaller effect on the top speed of this car than it had on any of the previously tested cars.
Time for ballast testing. At 384hp this car's power is almost identical to the 86 GT tested earlier (which showed NO improvement from ballast), but a weight distribution of 40/60 is vastly different.
Front ballast:
25kg: 329.0
50kg: 328.5
Rear ballast:
25kg: 329.0
50kg: 328.4
Just like the 86 GT, ballast does not add to top speed at all with this car. This is a strong indication that high horsepower is needed for that to work.