- Common Law: judge made law, following the principle of stare decisis; common law aims for the consistent application of principles developed over time. Common law principles are found in judges' written decisions, which are reported in published case reporters, and frequently commented upon by academics, then subsequently used in later decisions by other courts. Note that "lower" courts in a jurisdiction (say, the Ontario Superior Court) must follow the principles set down by "higher" courts such as appeal courts in that jurisdiction (in our example, the Ontario Court of Appeal).
- Civil Code systems: in jurisdictions such as Quebec, the State of Louisiana and continental Europe, the common law system of civil law as we know it in Ontario is not used; instead these jurisdictions have adopted "Civil Codes", which are extremely large statutes covering all areas of interaction between private citizens or parties. These Codes are derived from the so-called "Napoleonic Code".
- The notion of stare decisis - so crucial to common law - is much less important in these jurisdictions where the judges' role is to apply the Code, not so much to interpret or create law.
- The substance of the law enunciated in the Quebec Civil Code, however, is not dissimilar to the common law principles found in Ontario.
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