I actually don't get why the USA is actually called that. Yes, it's made up of 50 states. Each has some degree of independence. But all have to answer to the President.
Sadly, you have fallen for the lies of the US Federal government as they have attempted to claim more and more power over the last 100+ years, hoping the states don't notice.
Anyone that reads the US Constitution will clearly see a bias in favor of states rights, including that any Constitutional change must be agreed upon by the states, and the states can amend the Constitution without Congress or the President being able to do anything to intervene.
And then there is this little thing that most people forget about:
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
And that is why I am opposed to most federal regulation that steps outside the bounds of the very strict description of federal government powers outlined in the Constitution.
Each state has their own National Guard, which they must allow the president to command into battle. The slow response to Katrina (what happened after they arrived is a whole new story) was because the president cannot send troops into a state for any reason without the permission of the governor. That is why governors must declare a state of emergency in order to received any kind of federal aid in a disaster.
The truth is that states do hold all the power, if they want to use it, but the federal government has a long history of pretending that the only real power exists in Washington, DC.
But Americans are so divided in opinion. There's some who wouldn't mind a Muslim next-door neighbour, and then there's some (and I'm not so sure Glenn Beck isn't one of them) who want to chase them out of town.
This is what the Constitution is there for. The Constitution establishes a democracy, while limiting the ability of the majority so that they cannot screw over a minority. No one will ever be able to chase a Muslim out of town with the government's official support.