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Going to have to stop you on that one, because not only are you conflating two things - the weapon and the projectile - you're also smashing together the perceived end result with the design purpose.
I'm intentionally treating the weapon and the projectile as separate things, since (I assume) it's possible to fire "less"lethal rounds from a gun designed to fire lethal projectiles... but in my suggestion, the gun owner has loaded his weapon with bullets designed to be able to kill, as it's not a "perceived" end result, it's one that Joey discharging his weapon at centre mass or head, has to accept, because - as you say - you cannot discharge a firearm at something you are not willing to destroy... and I would suggest that Joey wouldn't have bought the gun/ammo if it turned out it couldn't render the assailant "preferably dead". The fact they're not used to kill people as regularly as they are able is a reflection of a fortunate lack of cause, but should the cause arise, the intention is to kill... when cars are used to their maximum potential the intention is still for them to not kill anybody.
It seems like a discussion of semantics. An effective gun is one that kills people, an effective car is one that (amongst other things) doesn't. Car manufacturers are different to gun manufacturers because they attempt to remove the casualties from what they do, by changing what they do. Maybe it's bad publicity when someone shoots a bunch of people with an AR-15, but at the end of the day, that's the AR-15 doing what the AR-15 is designed to do. Cars exploding, assistance systems failing to stop.. or whatever, is unintended, it isn't designed to do that. Engineers strive to get rid of those things... how many people designing automatic rifles are designing them not to kill? They're not designing guns so that innocent people don't die, car manufacturers are at least trying.