Argument Against Parental Consent Requirements for Underage Abortions
Team AAMMM
Introduction
Allowing parents to force their daughters to carry a pregnancy to term against her wishes is cruel and immoral.
Requiring Consent is Immoral
Children have the same fundamental human rights as adults. Because children aren’t considered mature enough to exercise all of their rights, their parents often act for them. But the law requires that parents protect their child’s rights, not override them. For example, if parents withhold consent for a serious medical operation, their child’s doctor may overturn the parents’ decision with a court order. In addition, parents may not physically abuse their child. The child has the right to protect her own body. Forcing a teenage girl to carry a pregnancy to term against her wishes constitutes child abuse because it disregards that right.
Furthermore, requiring parental consent is inconsistent. Currently, underage girls have the right to give birth without consent because requiring consent would violate her rights, giving her parents (the baby’s grandparents) the ability to force an abortion. Thus, proponents of parental consent for abortion must argue, inconsistently, that the girl is mature enough to choose to have a baby, but not to choose to have an abortion.
Requiring Consent Increases Risk
Requiring parental consent introduces a (potentially indefinite) delay to the abortion process, which increases risk to all underage girls seeking abortion.
- The risk of death from childbirth is 10 times that of legal abortion overall[1-3].
- The risk associated with abortions increases exponentially with each week of pregnancy by 38%[1] approaching the risk of childbirth at the end of term.
Legal hurdles in obtaining waivers can only increase the danger either through forcing childbirth or delaying the procedure. Statistics show that mandatory parental involvement increases the gestational age at which abortions occur[3]. Furthermore:
- Knowledge of the pregnancy may become a catalyst for additional abuse from abusive parents.
- Estranged parents can be difficult to contact, and may already play little parenting role.
- A girl due after the age cutoff may wait until after that age before aborting – increasing her risk.
- Parents’ wishes may conflict, resulting in legal disputes, divorce, and custody battles lengthening the process.
Conclusion
Parental consent requirements increase risk since childbirth is significantly more dangerous overall than legal abortions and since abortion risk increases with time. Allowing parents to force their child to give birth is inconsistent with preventing parents from forcing abortions and violates basic human rights.
Word Count: 400
[1] Willard Cates, Jr., et al, "Mortality from Abortion and Childbirth: Are the Statistics Biased?"
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 28, No.2 (July 9, 1982), p. 196.
[2] Linda A. Bartlett, MD, MHSc, et al,
Risk Factors for Legal Induced Abortion–Related Mortality in the United States Retrieved December 12, 2006 from greenjournal.org. Web site:
http://www.greenjournal.org/cgi/content/full/103/4/729
[3] American Medical Association, “Induced Termination of Pregnancy Before and After Roe v. Wade, Trends in the Mortality and Morbidity of Women,"
Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 268, # 22 (December, 1992), Page 3238.