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prisonermonkeys should pay attention here, pro-Russian militia have shot down three planes within the last four days.
And if our Prime Minister had called them "pro-Russian separatists", I would agree with you. But he called them "Russian-backed separatists" and summoned the Russian ambassador to Canberra, which is another thing entirely - he's effectively accusing Russia of having a hand in the attack, without any evidence to speak of.
Now, the presence of Russian military hardware in the region in recent months has been established, but this is the kind of situation that demands proof of any claim. To describe the separatists as "pro-Russian" implies that they are in favour of Russia, but to describe them as "Russian-backed" suggests they are receiving some kind of support - be it financial, logistical or political - from Moscow.
Maybe that's just a semantic difference, and Tony Abbott being Tony Abbott, I wouldn't be surprised if he said one thing and meant another. I'm not sure how it works in other countries, but summoning an ambassador to the foreign ministry effective means "we're really pissed off with your country right now". The last time it happened was when our ambassador to Indonesia was summoned to Jakarta to answer spying allegations. For the Abbott government to have summoned the Russian ambassador is an extremely aggressive diplomatic move, and one that would absolutely need evidence to support it.
That being said, I just can't see how Russia would intentionally fire at a Malaysian aircraft since they have nothing to do with the conflict at hand as far as I know.
Russia's strategy in the Ukraine has been to cause maximum disruption in a bid to stall the diplomatic process and prevent Kiev from joining the EU for as long as possible. But it has always taken care to frame its actions as legitimate - the referendum in Crimea was presented as giving a voice to the people, while the mobilisation of their forces was described as a response to a request from Viktor Yanukovych, who Moscow recognised as the elected leader of the Ukraine.
Intentionally shooting down a passenger jet does not fit that strategy. It gets them nothing. Why suddenly change tack a month after the Duma repealed the authorisation for a military assembly at Putin's request? It makes no sense for them to have done it themselves, or for them to have supported a separatist operation that intentionally targeted MH17.
The only people with anything to gain are the separatists themselves, if they tried to shoot the plane down with Russian hardware to try and force Russia into supporting them once more in the wake of the losses they have taken in the past two months. But even then, they accused the Ukraine of doing it, which doesn't force Russia to support them.
It's most likely that they were targeting a military flight, but picked up a civilian one instead.