Beam (fly perpendicular to missile), chaff, and maneuver is the general answer.
Missiles have limited fuel and it is costly for them to chase you once fuel is depleted. You can hit a sitting target out to ~25 miles, but a maneuvering target can evade down to 10 miles or less. When it comes to shooting back, in the F-15 you want to take advantage of your AMRAAM's active seeker. The counter on the HUD after launch shows active and impact countdown. When the active timer hits zero you're free to turn around and run while the missile will keep chasing targets.
I might be able to help with missile training if people are on this weekend, but for a bunch of reasons I can't guarantee availability.