Since we're describing how our tests work here, here's ours:
You apply for a provisional license. You need to be 17, but you can apply proactively so you're able to start driving as soon as your 17th birthday. You can start doing lessons (or simplified, driving on the road with a passenger over 21 and L-plates displayed on the car) straight away.
You can take as many or few lessons as you want, but before taking a practical test you need to take the theory test. This takes the form of a multiple-choice test, and a video-based hazard perception test. The latter came in late 2002 - the day after I took my theory test
without the hazard perception test
If you pass your theory (I can't remember the pass mark, but it's reasonably high - and around a third of people fail it) you're then free to take your practical test. The pass rate for this is even lower - Wikipedia suggests only around 43% of people pass.
What's amazing is how awful some of the people who've passed are - god knows what it'd be like if the test was any easier.
On a side note, my USA trip last month revealed that US and UK drivers are crap in slightly different ways. In the US, inattentiveness seems to be a major problem - people not concentrating, talking on cellphones etc. Saw several swerving-related incidents as people had presumably woken up to realise they were about to have an accident.
In the UK, it's an entitlement problem. One rule for them, another for everyone else. Leads to lanes backing up on the motorway, people speeding past schools because they think the rules don't apply to them, tailgating, cutting up other traffic etc. One person acts selfishly and ruins the roads for everyone else.
I've often believed that road behaviour is echoed in supermarkets with trolleys.
I reckon this is actually pretty close. In the US, someone will accidentally crash their trolley into yours in Wal-Mart as they weren't looking, but generally they'll apologise. In the UK, people just push past without asking, sit in the middle of an aisle without thinking how people may get past etc. It's literally driving characteristics boiled down into a different environment.