Based on recent headlines, I think it's a good time for me to bring up something that I see representing a general misunderstanding.
Article:
In a letter to House and Senate leaders, Trump wrote that he’d decided “across-the-board” pay raises as well as locality pay raises for civilian federal workers in 2019 would be frozen.
“I have determined that for 2019, both across‑the‑board pay increases and locality pay increases will be set at zero,” he wrote. “These alternative pay plan decisions
will not materially affect our ability to attract and retain a well‑qualified Federal workforce,” Trump added. [emphasis mine]
For some reason, and this is not something I understood well when I was younger, people think government employees, whether it be at the federal, state, or local level, are special people who are born into a caste system in which they were tapped from birth to work as government employees forever. Slaves to their government jobs, unable to leave, with no otherwise marketable skills. Pay increases for government workers are seen as handouts. And bonuses, Christmas parties, etc. are government waste. This discussion is not too far from the public school teacher pay discussion.
What I'd like to explain to the folks here, and the background to my response to this statement from Trump, is that government employees, whether it's at the federal level, military, state, or local level, are just people. People with a set of skills that they can take to other non-government jobs. Currently they're sitting at a desk in the DMV, or deployed on an aircraft carrier, or processing tax filings, but they're human beings that are working, and can work elsewhere. They have resumes, they know what jobs they're qualified for outside of government, and they're willing to leave. I've seen them do it.
The government
competes directly with private business for employees. Perhaps nowhere is this more visible than at NASA. Federally operated NASA centers like JSC (as opposed to contractor operated NASA centers such as JPL), have a whole host of engineers working on various portions of the space program that are federal employees. There are also a host of private NASA contractors which crop up around NASA centers and work closely with them. Contractors often taken on niche roles, sometimes consisting of former NASA employees who left to start the business. SpaceX is a good example of a private NASA contractor. SpaceX, for example (and there are so many examples here, such as Ball, Lockheed, Boeing, ULA, and many more), poached many federal civil servants from NASA, and NASA employees working at contractor operated NASA centers (who were not federal civil servants). In some of the smaller companies, I've seen people quit NASA, go to work for a NASA contractor, and work down the hall in the same building with the same people on the same software doing the same thing. Ultimately their pay comes from the same place too, just funneled through a contractor instead of NASA. That's probably an example of just about the most fluid federal employee situation, where contractors and government swap personnel back and forth regularly, poaching from one-another. But it applies to IRS employees and Airforce Colonels as well. I'm sure an IRS employee considers going to work for a tax firm, or even opening up a new tax preparation company on a regular basis.
This analysis applies all the way from the top of the military to the last secretary at human resources. A phone operator in the office of personnel management at the US government can also operate phones at a human resources department for Amazon. It's not an altogether dissimilar position.
Being a Federal employee comes with some perqs. They're usually more insulated against market downturns, demand for their job doesn't ebb and flow so much based on consumer demand. Because, for example, people have to file tax documents regardless of whether they bought a car this year. So job stability is one. Also the government is very careful about employment standards, enforcing lack of discrimination, preventing abusive management, etc. Allegations of misconduct, whistle-blowing, etc. are taken seriously, anonymously, and are executed with precision. Another perq is that the (federal) government does a good job with health insurance options and subsidies. Vacation is decent, leave policies are decent, and you there are retirement annuity programs. Good job stability, good benefits, a non-hostile work environment. This is what government jobs have going for them.
What government jobs
don't have going for them is pay. They pay less, no question. Also often you have financial restrictions, to make sure you're not being bribed. You may have to, for example, disclose your financial holdings on a regular basis. You're limited from holding more than a certain amount of stock (this is for certain positions, not all). Also there is generally very little job flexibility as far as how to carry out your job duties. There is often a single way to do it, and if you don't do it that way, you're not doing your job. Your mail carrier has little choice when it comes to how to deliver your mail. Bonuses are tightly controlled, and weird perqs that you would think would not be a problem, like hosting a holiday party, getting a Christmas gift from your boss, or having paid-for paper towels in the break room, are really carefully controlled. Because it looks bad to tax payers if the government is wasting money on paper towels. Also there's the current shutdown situation, which does not help attract employees.
So there are pros and cons to government employment. And people weigh these pros and cons every day when deciding whether to apply for a job opening within the government, or apply for a job opening outside of the government. The workforce shifts, and it's the most qualified, highly motivated people who shift first. So when our president says that a 2.x% pay raise for federal employees disappearing while employees are not going to their jobs and not sure whether congress will fund back pay for those missed days will not affect that government's ability to attract quality employees,
he can't possibly be right. It's effectively a tautology, a lack of a pay increase makes it... which one... easier? or harder? to recruit. Harder. There's no question about it.
If you want to be sure that you have only the least qualified government workers, just make it impossible for the government to compete, which it has to do, against private industry for talent.