One of the more widely accepted definitions of a native speaker is someone who was born in a particular country and was raised to speak the language of that country during the critical period of development. It is believed that this definition was formed during the colonization of the Americas .
[3] The original colonists were considered native speakers of English, but their offspring were considered incompetent, non-native speakers of English simply because they were born in North America.Sometimes the term
native language is used to indicate a language that a person is as proficient in as a native individual of that language's "base country", or as proficient as the average person who speaks no other language but that language.[
citation needed] The Language Sciences Journal has published an article which states that an individual qualifies as a "native speaker" of a language if they were born and immersed in the language during youth, in a family where the adults shared a similar language experience as the child.
[4] Native speakers are considered to be an authority on their given language due to their natural acquisition process regarding the language, versus having learned the language later in life. This is achieved through personal interaction with the language and speakers of the language. Native speakers will not necessarily be knowledgeable of every grammatical rule of the language, but will have "intuition" pertaining to the language. Instead of being directly taught the rules of English grammar, native speakers have unconsciously learned the rules through their experience with the language.
[4]
Sometimes the term
mother tongue or
mother language is used for the language that a person learned as a child at home (usually from their parents). Children growing up in bilingual homes can, according to this definition, have more than one mother tongue or native language.
In the context of population censuses conducted on the Canadian population,
Statistics Canada defines
mother tongue as "the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census."
[5] It is quite possible that the first language learned is no longer a speaker's dominant language. This includes young immigrant children, whose families have moved to a new linguistic environment, as well as people who learned their mother tongue as a young child at home (rather than the language of the majority of the community), who may have lost, in part or in totality, the language they first
acquired.
Mother language
"The origin of the term "mother tongue" harks back to the notion that linguistic skills of a child are honed by the mother and therefore the language spoken by the mother would be the primary language that the child would learn."--this type of culture-specific notion is totally a misnomer. The term was used by Catholic monks to designate a particular language they used, instead of Latin, when they are "speaking from the pulpit".
[6] That is, the "holy mother of the Church" introduced this term and colonies inherited it from the Christianity as a part of their colonial legacy, thanks to the effort made by foreign missionaries in the transitional period of switching over from 18th-century Mercantile Capitalism to 19th-century Industrial Capitalism in India.[
clarification needed]
In some countries such as
Kenya, India, and various East Asian countries, "mother language" or "native language" is used to indicate the language of one's
ethnic group, in both common and journalistic parlance (e.g. "I have no apologies for not learning my mother tongue"), rather than one's first language. Also in
Singapore, "mother tongue" refers to the language of one's
ethnic group regardless of actual proficiency, while the "first language" refers to the English language that was established on the island through
British colonisation, which is the
lingua franca for most post-independence Singaporeans due to its use as the language of instruction in government schools and as a working language.