I have bent over backwards trying to answer your questions. I think it is about time for you to acknowledge that.
From Wikipedia:
Making false statements (
18 U.S.C. § 1001) is the common name for the United States
federal process crime laid out in Section 1001 of
Title 18 of the United States Code, which generally prohibits knowingly and willfully making
false or
fraudulent statements, or concealing information, in "any matter within the
jurisdiction" of the federal government of the United States,
[1] even by merely denying guilt when asked by a federal agent.
[2] A number of notable people have been convicted under the section, including
Martha Stewart,
[3] Rod Blagojevich,
[4] Michael T. Flynn,
[5] Rick Gates,
[6] Scooter Libby,
[7] Bernard Madoff,
[8] and
Jeffrey Skilling.
[9]
This statute is used in many contexts. Most commonly, prosecutors use this statute to reach cover-up crimes such as
perjury, false declarations, and
obstruction of justice and government fraud cases.
[10]
Its earliest progenitor was the
False Claims Act of 1863. In 1934, the
requirement of an
intent to defraud was eliminated. This was to prosecute successfully, under the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (
NIRA),
the producers of "hot oil", i.e. oil produced in violation of restrictions established by NIRA. In 1935, NIRA was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
Pursuant to the decision in
United States v. Gaudin, the jury is to decide whether the false statements made were material, since
materiality is an
element of the offense.
The statute spells out this purpose in subsection
18 U.S.C. § 1001(a), which states:
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, whoever, in any matter within the jurisdiction of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States, knowingly and willfully—
(1) falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device[ , ] a material fact;
(2) makes any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation; or
(3) makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or entry
shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years or, if the offense involves international or domestic terrorism (as defined in section 2331),
[11]imprisoned not more than 8 years, or both....
Even constitutionally explicit
Fifth Amendment rights do not exonerate affirmative false statements.
[12] In the 1998 case
Brogan v. United States, the Supreme Court rejected the "exculpatory no" doctrine that had previously been followed by seven of the
courts of appeal, which had held that "the mere denial of wrongdoing" did not fall within the scope of § 1001.
[13][2] The
Brogan court stated.....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making_false_statements
