Power is independent of gearing.
At the engine yes, but the engine uses gearing to accelerate.
A gearbox trades speed for torque
not sure what you mean... a gearbox utilizes TQ to create acceleration/speed.
but since power is torque x speed it remains the same regardless of gearing
TQ x rpm/5252, speed is what the gearbox gives you... and yes, TQ remains the same (at the source) regardless of gearing, but, without gearing acceleration and speed are greatly compromised.
2 torque x 4 speed is the same power (8) as 4 torque x 2 speed.
Trouble is, TQ is always x1, you cannot just add a multiplier to the source power... it is the gearing that changes, and the gearing is what drives the wheels. So your example should be 1TQ x4speed = 4, 1TQ x2speed = 2.
TQ x RPM/5252... speed is a resultant after gearing is utilized.
That means that the power at the wheel is the same as the power at the flywheel.
Only if you have a single speed gearbox with a 1:1 ratio... (and no frictional losses). That is why rear wheel dyno's are ran in a transmission gear with a 1:1 ratio... giving the result where gearing is zero'd... another method (traditional) is the engine is dynoed on a "stand" with no transmission attached, again, taking gearing out of the equation.
So for the statement to be correct, all it takes is for the power curve to drop so sharply that shifting up takes you to a higher point on the power curve.
Actually, you will shift after peak TQ, at a point that drops you back to the same TQ on the rising side of the graph, that way you are using maximum available TQ "under the "curve".
But... the game for some reason will give you an absolute flat TQ "curve", so, in the game, on a power decreased car, this becomes less critical, especially with a close ratio gearbox that never drops you out of the "flat".
Edit 2: A funny anecdote. I was testing a car in GT6 for a series by
@Sick Cylinder, and this particular car was so heavily restricted that the power curve was completely flat for about 2/3rds of the rpm range. I was experimenting with gear ratios to try and find the most optimal setup, and to my surprise I found that the performance was identical regardless of what I did with the gearbox! That’s when I decided to look up what power and torque actually is
Right, that is where the game and the real world do not align... absolutely flat power curves with internal combustion engines is virtually non-existent.
I've seen manufacturers claim to have flat "curves", but when you look up real world rear wheel dyno results, they have a curve, and, often times the manufacturers that claim a flat "curve" often actually have a dip, or a dead zone, prior ramping back up again... aka most pedestrian grade variable cam timing systems.
PD's power decreasing "map" needs revised... instead of remapping the entire engine dynamics, they simply put a max. value on power... in the real world this comes from air flow, fuel delivery, boost restrictions etc. and will effect the engine over it's entire range, revising the entire curve... it will not simply provide a "X" power at all engine rpm. Turbo cars can control this with electronically controled blow off valves... but then BoP would step in and regulate not only the BOV but the turbo size/rpm as well.
The whole point of the short shifting thing is not that it's a cheat, it's that PD refuses to BoP either power, fuel capacity, or both to level these cars to the rest of the field.
Some view this as a racing advantage... others see it as a defective BoP... no one will argue that is creates meta cars.
In no racing series where BoP is regulated would a manufacture be permitted to cruise around at part throttle and short shift to gain 40% more laps than the competition, while keeping pace with the field, without going through a BoP revision.
That is called sandbagging.