Allow me to chip in as a Dutchman. You're correct that we are struggling with all three items you mentioned: Colonialism, Black Pete and the racism towards Dutchmen with a Turkish and Moroccan background. We see a change in mentality towards the first two, with for example our
King very recently apologizing for our colonial past in Indonesia.
Over the past years Black Pete has been replaced more and more by
Smudged Pete, which is now being
recognized by our prime minister.
As long as the Turkish and Moroccan governments retain a strong grip on their descendants in western Europe, I don't expect much change in the sentiments towards them. The way I perceive it, we're not dealing with a quiet undercurrent, as is shown in
the difficulty their students have in finding an internship assignment.
Edit: A recent article about
Institutionalized racism in the Netherlands (in Dutch).
I like the Dutch, and loved my time in Arnhem, and I'll be back as often as possible.
That said, over the six months there, this undercurrent of racism against the Turks and Moroccans always seemed quietly present. The Dutch have a few different tiers of college/university (a Dutchman can explain this better, I forgot all the acronyms) and it was hard not to notice that where I was at HAN UAS - the engineering and business type university, basically all of the Dutch kids were white, and most of the non-white Dutch speakers I met had come over to study from Aruba and Surinam. I don't think I met a single non-white Netherlands resident there.
Just across the road at the more polytechnic type of college, the crowd was overwhelmingly Turkish and Moroccan. Some Dutch friends told me 'thats the way it is, the white kids go to the UAS, and the brown kids go elsewhere'. This is of course, anecdotal, so I take it all with a pinch of salt.
I'd also notice the younger kids cycling (of course) back from school - two distinct groups, one all white kids, one all brown kids, separated by a good twenty metres. It was this way every day. Being used to multicultural schools, I'm accustomed to seeing white, black, Asian kids all walking together. The separation always seemed conspicuous.
I think the average Dutch person isn't racist in their day to day life, but like many Western countries with a lot of immigration, there are some holdovers from more racist times in "the way things are"
It certainly wasn't I expected from a Northern European country, which are all branded with the "socialist" brush these days (for better or worse), but based on my time in the Netherlands, I think it skirts that definition somewhat. There was some quite strong conservative sentiment, even amongst the youth.
I've no judgement to pass on that, but I do think it's interesting.
EDIT: To add, my student housing was close to several "refugee centers" which exclusively seemed to house Eastern European - chiefly Bulgarian, Romanian and Polish - labour workers. Some Dutch spoke very lowly of those people. Personally I love Balkan people, they can look a bit brutal but I find they're usually fun-loving, jovial people who appreciate life. The prejudice towards them was more familiar to me, as we have plenty of anger toward Eastern European migrant workers in the UK, too.