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The Earth is Flat?
- Thread starter Corsa
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- TexRex72
Presumably anything and everything between the core and the surface, which would include the mantle.
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- WhiteFlight1
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- Dennisch
Don't flatter yourself. The only ones you're offending are all your teachers you have had in your life, and more importantly, yourself.
You can't fool me that you look in the mirror and tell yourself "the Earth is flat and I feel smart for saying it".
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- TexRex72
Fixed that for you. Even then, it strikes me as something incredibly immature. Also, not even remotely along the lines of things people have said here.
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- WhiteFlight1
that's part of my morning routine yes
Don't flatter yourself. The only ones you're offending are all your teachers you have had in your life, and more importantly, yourself.
You can't fool me that you look in the mirror and tell yourself "the Earth is flat and I feel smart for saying it".
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Yes, you have. Every time a ship disappears over the horizon, you've seen the Earth as a ball.
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- pie4july
The Principle of Horizontally tells us that layers of sediments deposited on the Earth's surface are originally deposited horizontally. If these sediments are undisturbed, then they will remain that way. That is why some areas like Indiana, USA are "flat as a pancake". The lithified sediments that have become rock are flat. When those sediments are disturbed (e.g. through actions of water, glaciers, volcanic events, earthquakes, folding, faulting, orogenic events etc) that can create elevation changes and creates landforms. Landforms are also created based on the lithology (rock type) as some rocks weather faster than others leading to positive and negative relief areas.
The reason I kept asking @quentin1974 about plate tectonics applies here. Since he never could provide evidence, I'd like to say what I've been wanting to say.
The theory of Plate Tectonics essentially states that our continents can move. Our continental crust varies a lot, but the average composition is considered a granodiorite. These rocks are less dense and essentially float over the Asthenosphere (a layer of the mantle).
The mantle has a lot of heterogeneity. One would think it is not possible to study the mantle because of it being too far down in the Earth. However it has been possible through various geophysical and geochemical techniques.
Geophysics - Major techniques of geophysics include 3D seismic tomography which is generated through S and P waves. These seismic waves are created from seismic activity like earthquakes. When an earthquake happens, it releases off S and P waves which (to make a long story short) are affected in their speed and direction when they go through different medium and densities (solid, semi-solid, liquid etc).
An example of what this data might look like is seen below. This figure (Kennett, B. L. N., Tkalčić, H, 2008) depicts the percent perturbation, meaning the amount of variation found in S wave speed. This is important because this means the physical and chemical properties of the medium have changed, which allow boundaries to be set in place i.e. core-mantle boundary.
Geochemical - Geochemical data is much more limited because it is dependent on finding physical samples of igneous rock at the surface which have erupted or otherwise ended up at the surface of the Earth. Because these rocks are solidified and found at the surface, they are best used to understand previous compositions and mantellic evolution.
Geochemical and Geophysical studies have brought a wealth of information to mantellic evolution. By using 3D seismic tomography, geologists have found distinct zones in the mantle being able to better understand mantle circulation (both upwelling and subduction), along with mantle composition. Mantle chemistry can rarely be tested at the surface of the Earth, but through seismic waves, their responses to different changes in composition (i.e. speed change, direction change) are indicative of differences in the media.
These upwelling and downwelling cycles play important roles in the movement of our continents. These cycles, which are well documented, depend on a spherical Earth. Where is the core on a flat planet? What happens to the mantle? We know a mantle exists, look what is happening in Hawaii, that's hotspot volcanism! That lava is coming from somewhere...
I've googled it, and I can't find an answer as to how FEers explain how plate tectonics can happen on a flat Earth. The continents are most certainly moving. This has been verified by satellites, fossil evidence, the fact that earthquakes exist, and the fact that India smashed into Asia to create the Himalayas. If continents don't move, where the hell do mountains come from? Where do earthquakes come from? They can't move on a flat Earth. They move because we live on a round Earth.
Source:
Kennett, B. L. N., Tkalčić, H, 2008, Dynamic Earth: crustal and mantle heterogeneity, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 55, p. 265-279.
Now lets stop this nonsensical discussion...
/thread.
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- Cy-Fi
I believe if you look again, you'll see that this is the second definition, the first being:
perturbation - How annoyed you are (on a 1-10 scale) at having to explain fairly simple concepts repeatedly.
I'm at about a 3 but could jump to a 12 at any moment.
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- pie4july
I believe if you look again, you'll see that this is the second definition, the first being:
perturbation - How annoyed you are (on a 1-10 scale) at having to explain fairly simple concepts repeatedly.
I'm at about a 3 but could jump to a 12 at any moment.
Bruh, I just 'edujmacated' this entire forum, and all you got for me is an alternative definition for a word? It works as I used it as well
And you didn't even give me a like for all my hard work
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- TexRex72
@TheGeologist that was a great deal more than I was expecting, though I gather you wanted to wax geologically in response to others' comments, and hey, I more or less got the answer I was seeking; that the mantle's composition is heterogenous (sounds naughty).
One thing sparked curiosity, though:
I'm curious, however, what belief flat Earthers generally hold regarding [flat] planet manifestation.
My wife's birthstone is peridot and I got a brief geology lesson while looking at jewelry a number of years ago--boy was that buried deep, and it would have stayed buried had the color not been mentioned.
One thing sparked curiosity, though:
This is a part of planet formation, and I have a vague idea of how we currently believe our planet was formed.
I'm curious, however, what belief flat Earthers generally hold regarding [flat] planet manifestation.
Peridotite (if I recall correctly)?
My wife's birthstone is peridot and I got a brief geology lesson while looking at jewelry a number of years ago--boy was that buried deep, and it would have stayed buried had the color not been mentioned.
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I've had this discussion planned in the back of my head for a while. No one would challenge the plate tectonic aspect, so I figured it would be good to mention while answering your question. Besides, this topic badly needed scientific data, rather than random youtube links and handwaving.
I'd love to hear what they think regarding this. Unfortunately, no one here who is arguing for FE has any actual data, whether real or factitious. Its all armchair speak on the FE side.
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user3392345
(Banned)
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More interesting than gt-s patch notes 
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I love the poetic synchronicity of both the spherical and flat arguments going pear-shaped.
@WhiteFlight1 this is probably a stupid question and already answered or an answer that is obvious if I read between the lines but are you a 100% flat earth believer or are you somewhere in the middle and don't know what to believe?
Question answered: I just read your post.
Question answered: I just read your post.
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